OTs have an interest in finding ways to increase accuracy in predicting discharge. Jette, D. U., Stilphen, M., Ranganathan, V. K., Passek, S. D., Frost, F. S., & Jette, A. M. (2014). Fourteen different standardised measures and two non-standardised measures were utilised. Thanks for helping us invest in our patients. To be considered relevant, difference should exceed + 1.96 SEM. Cultural issues and self-report data collection. Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) half-day clinic assessment process. Download Product Flyer is to download PDF in new tab. Physical Therapy, 83(3), 224-236. The Activity Measure of Post-Acute Care is the most commonly used standardized assessment. More importantly, therapists questioned applicability of the tools to the acute care setting where they would have to be administered bedside to patients who were often critically ill, vulnerable, or not feeling or performing at their best. In all six settings, OT students provided ADL training (bathing/showering, toileting and toilet hygiene, dressing, functional mobility, personal hygiene and grooming). Top-down versus bottom-up assessment approach. Second, only seven students at six acute care hospitals were included in this study, and the small sample size may make it difficult to generalize the conclusion. Morris, M., Perry, A., Unsworth, C., Skeat, J., Taylor, N., Dodd, K., Duncombe., D., & Duckett, S. (2005). Assessments form an integral component in the occupational therapy process. Improving assessment and measurement practice: where to begin? Validity of the AusTOM Scales:A comparison of the AusTOMs and EuroQol-5D. The outcome measures used by the students included: modified Functional Independence Measure (two settings), the Functional Independence Measure (one setting), the Boston University 6 click AM-PAC (one setting), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (one setting), and self-reported goals by patients (one setting). A New Ecosystem of Scientific Sharing and What it Would Mean, Preprints and Trust in Peer Review: A Q&A With Alberto Pepe of Authorea, Re-Entering the Classroom in a Time of Trauma and Stress, Cultivating an Inclusive Learning Experience, Wiley "Stay the Course Grant" Winners Tell Their Stories, 4 Things to Consider When Choosing an Online Platform That's Right for You, Determine Your Organizations Digital Skills Level. AOTA (2017), Occupational Therapys Role in Acute Care, AOTA Fact Sheet, Retrieved https://www.aota.org/-/media/corporate/files/aboutot/professionals/whatisot/rdp/facts/acute-care.pdf. The OSA is an evaluation tool and outcome measure based on the Model of Human Occupation (Kielhofner, 2002). The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Occupational Therapists' Experiences in Conducting Home Assessments and government site. In 2021, your cash gifts may also favorably impact your taxes, thanks to the extension of many of the charitable provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. American Occupational Therapy Association. Functional walking and mobility 3. Cross-regional validation of the school version of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. Chapter 12: The Final Case Study: Carol experience of a Chronic Pain Service (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD DipCOT, Gail Brooke, Dip Phys, Cert in Health Service management, and Heather Shaw, DipCOT). Dysarthria is a collective term referring to a group of movement disorders affecting the muscular control of speech. eCollection 2022. Implementation of evidence-based practice. No. VAT Reg. La Trobe University, Melbourne. Chapter 3: Purposes of assessment and measurement (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT and Karen Innes, BSc OT, DMS, Cert Counselling). Administration instructions are detailed in the manual available on the website. Blaga, L., & Robertson, L. (2008). Headings for writing a report on a standardised test administration. In spite of the short length of hospitalization in the acute care setting, OT practitioners play an integral role and collaborate closely with other health care team professionals, such as case managers, nurses, physical therapists, speech-language pathologists, and physicians, to start a successful rehabilitation process (AOTA, 2017). British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 78(9), 570-575. 36 items (16 ADL motor skill items, 20 ADL process skill items), AMPS can be administered in any task-relevant setting, Jenine Ampudia, OTS, University of Illinois at Chicago, Courtney Heidle, OTS, University of Illinois at Chicago, Johnny Sok, OTS, University of Illinois at Chicago, Jennifer Yi, OTS, University of Illinois at Chicago, Schizophrenia: (Haslam et al., 2010; n = 20; Mean Age = 44.3 (8.49) years), Psychiatric Disorders: (Pan and Fisher, 1994; n = 60; Mean Age = 37.9 (14.9); Sample included diagnosis ofaffective disorders, delusional disorders, schizophrenia, or alcohol hallucinosis), Psychiatric Disorders: (Merritt, 2011; n = 8556; Mean Age = 55.1(17.9) years; Subset of data fromAMPS Project International database), Psychiatric Conditions associated with cognitive impairments: (McNulty & Fisher, 2001; n = 20; Mean Age = 58 (16.05) years), Psychiatric Disorders: (Pan & Fisher, 1994; n = 60; Sample includes diagnosis of affective disorders, delusional disorders, schizophrenia, or alcohol hallucinosis), Stroke: (Bernspang & Fisher, 1995; n =230; Individuals with history of RCVA (n = 71), history of LCVA (n = 76), and nondisabled (n = 83)), Stroke: (Fisher & Bray Jones, 2010 as cited in Poulin et al., 2013; n = 8801; subset of AMPS Project International database; adults with hemispheric stroke), Stroke: (Fisher & Bray Jones, 2010 as cited in Poulin et al., 2013), Stroke (Marom, Jarus & Josman, 2006; n= 30; Individuals in their first week home during stroke recovery), Hemispheric Stroke: (Merritt, 2011;n = 17568;Mean Age = 61.7 (20.6); Subset of AMPS Project International database: Individuals with hemispheric stroke ( n = 8801) and individuals with other neurological conditions ( n = 8767), Stroke:(Dickerson, Reistetter & Trujullo, 2010; n = 46; Mean Age = 71.67 (10.76); Community sample referred for driving assessment), Stroke (Kizony & Katz, 2002; n = 30; Mean Age = 71.3 years; Inpatient acute care, 4-5 weeks Post-Stroke), Stroke: (Bjorkdahl et al., 2006; n = 58; Assessed at discharge, three weeks, three months, and one year after discharge; Swedish sample), Geriatric: (Doble, Fisk, Lewis & Rockwood, 1999; n = 55; Mean Age = 77.9 (7.0) years; Community-dwelling elderly adults), Geriatric: (Fioravanti et al., 2012; n = 54; Mean Age = 80 (8.6) years; Mean Length of Stay = 24 (12) days; Canadian sample in a geriatric and neuro-oncology inpatient rehabilitation unit, Geriatric: (Doble, Fisk, Lewis & Rockwood, 1999), Geriatric with cognitive impairments: (Doble, Fisk, Lewis & Rockwood, 1999; Rockwood, Doble, Fisk, MacPherson, & Lewis as cited in Fisher, 2003), Excellent test-retest reliability: (Motor Scale r = 0.88 - 0.9; Process Scale r = 0.86 - 0.87), Excellent test-retest reliability: (Motor: r = 0.88; Process: r = 0.86), Older adults: (Wales, Clemson, Lannin & Cameron, 2016; Mean Age > 70 years; Analysis of 56 papers with RCT design detailing functional assessments for older adults), Geriatric with Memory Impairments: (Robinson & Fisher, 1996), Older Adults: (Wales, Clemson, Lannin & Cameron, 2016), Geriatric with Memory Impairments: (Robinson & Fisher, 1996; n = 51; Mean Age = 75.4 (9.56) years), Older Adults with Dementia of the Alzheimers Type (DAT) (Hartman, Fisher & Duran, 1999; n = 788; Independent Older Adults ( n = 329, Mean Age = 70.5 (5.9)), Older Adults with minimal DAT ( n = 167, Mean Age = 71.2 (9.7)), Older Adults with moderate DAT ( n = 292, Mean Age = 74.5 (8.4)); Sample selected from AMPS database), Older Adults with Dementia of the Alzheimers Type (DAT) (Hartman, Fisher & Duran, 1999), Geriatric with Alzheimers disease: (Doble, Fisk & Rockwood, 1999; n = 26; Mean Age = 76.8 (6.6) years; Canadian sample), Older Adults with Dementia (Fisher & Jones, 2012; n = 5417), Dementia (Merritt, 2011; n = 2488; subset of AMPS Project International database), School-Aged Children with Identified Disability: (Atchinson, Fisher & Bryze, 1998; n = 54; Mean Age = 4.0 (0.7) years; Students receiving occupational therapy for an identified disability (n = 32) and typically developing students as comparison group (n = 22)), School-Aged Children with Identified Disability or At-Risk: (Munkholm, Berg, Lofgren & Fisher, 2010; n = 984; Age Range 3-13; Students from North America, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom and Nordic countries), School-Aged Children with Identified Disability: (Atchinson, Fisher & Bryze, 1998), School-Aged Children: (Fingerhut et. Measures that assess the proxy (e.g. The particular challenges to occupational therapy (OT) practitioners working in acute care settings are a limited number of therapy visits and quick discharge. Evaluation & Assessment | AOTA Unsworth, C.A., Coulson, M., Swinton, L., Cole, H., & Sarigiannis, M. (2015). mary nolan nashville, tennessee; simon every annastacia palaszczuk; Projetos. This scoping review explored the definitions and measures used within occupational therapy quantitative intervention research to evaluate QOL as an outcome. Art in the Anthropocene: What Do Art and Sustainability Have in Common? Alison Laver-Fawcett, PhD, OT(C)), DipCOT, SROT currently Modernisation Manager, Service Development (Provider Services) and Interim Professional Lead for Occupational Therapy, North Yorkshire and York Primary Care Trust. Cerebral Palsy Outcome Measures - Physiopedia Epub 2017 Sep 22. The Occupational Therapy Doctorate program (OTD) is not available to international graduate students at this time. The concept of clinical reasoning and reflective practice is then explored. Three reliability studies have been conducted. La Trobe University, Melbourne. Would you like email updates of new search results? A scoping review of the patient's perspective. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the A Young Scientist's Journey after a Stroke, Care by the Numbers: Skilled Nursing versus Inpatient Rehabilitation, WSJ: Recognizing Aphasia and Seeking Treatment, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab Ranked No. OTs use outcome measurements in different settings to help inform colleagues and other medical professionals of the complexity of the patients diagnosis, increase effectiveness, and improve patient outcomes. Outcomes of occupational therapy are: Occupational performance Prevention Health and wellness Unsworth, C.A. Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. Significant differences between individuals who had a previous stroke (RCVA and LCVA) when compared to non-disabled individuals for IADL performance (p .05), Measurement error accounted for 22% of the differences in subjects ADL ability measures. Reliability coefficients and standard error of measurement. 1-844-355-ABLE. Linking improving your assessment practice to continuing professional development. Before their fieldwork, we asked students to create a dataset of all the patients they worked with over an 8 week time period during summer 2017. The site is secure. Outcomes are established using assessment tools and outcome performance measures. The importance of the selection and application of terminology in practice. Description of the therapy diagnosis / problem. As a means of improving this process, previous research reported that OTs were interested in finding ways to use standardized outcome measures to help guide discharge decision making (Jette, et al., 2003; Robertson & Blaga, 2013; Smith-Gabai, 2016). A paediatric assessment involves two essential features: an observational study of a child carrying out specific tasks . Functional assessments used by occupational therapists with older adults at risk of activity and participation limitations: A systematic review. 4 OT Outcome Measures You Didn't Learn in School - CoreMedical Group Shirley Ryan AbilityLab does not provide emergency medical services. Reliability of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for quantifying disability and health. Therapists select from 12 function-focused scales that match client goals as follows: Each scale scores the client in relation to 4 domains: Each domain is scored on a 6-point scale from 0 (low) through to 5 (high) with half points possible (providing 11 possible scores for each domain). Other OT services included IADL (care of others/pets, health management and maintenance, meal preparation and clean up), formal/informal patient education, practice and simulation activities, preparatory tasks, exercises, rest and sleep, play, leisure and social participation, and assistive technology. Everyday Evidence: Patient Reported Outcome Measures Journal of Applied Gerontology, 29(4), 494506. Section GG - Medicare Self-Care Measures Reference. VT-ART delivers focused, high-dose radiation, usually in a single fraction of 25 Gy, allowing . Developed in Australia and is now used internationally (e.g. Domestic life- inside house 9. Aaronson, N., Ahmedzai, S., Bergman, B., Bullinger, M., Cull, A. Duez, N. et al. Fort Collins, Colorado: Three Star Press, Inc. Fingerhut, P., Madill, H., Darrah, J., Hodge, M. & Warren, S. (2002). In this study, a non-standardised assessment tool to measure severity of disability was compared with a standardised tool to assesswhether there were differences in outcomes and what, if any, were the consequences for service entitlement. OT outcome measures are used to determine the value and effectiveness of treatment in therapy. By not using standardized outcome measurement tools, the value and benefits of OT services such as ADL and IADL training, patient and caregiver education, and training to use adapted equipment/assistive devices is anecdotal at best. Further research is needed to identify common outcome measures suited for use by OTs in acute inpatient hospital settings. OTs need easy access to information about the clinical utility and psychometric qualities of various measures to help with the appropriate selection and clinical applicability of standardized outcome measurement tools to measure functional outcomes in acute inpatient hospital practice. Confidence interval of 95% = (+ 0.49) and (+ 0.39) logits respectively. Differences between persons with right or left cerebral vascular accident on the Assessment of Motor and Process. Examining validity and clinical utility issues: test examples. The 20 ADL process skill items are divided into 5 domains (Sustaining Performance, Applying Knowledge, Temporal Organization, Organizing Space and Objects, Adapting Performance), Item-level scores range from 1 = No Problem to 6 = Inordinate; cannot test, The AMPS is administered in four phases. Background: Hereditary ataxia syndromes can result in significant speech impairment, a symptom thought to be responsive to treatment. Five Level Model of Function and Dysfunction. Analysing your current assessment practice. Unsworth, C.A. ; The EORTC Quality of Life Group. This is a dummy description. The .gov means its official. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University, 1996. The assignment of numbers for the purposes of assessment. Exploring the literature for examples of tests and test critiques. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(5), 768-775. doi:10.5014/ajot.2010.09041, Ottenbacher, K. J., Msall, M. E., Lyon, N. R., Duffy, L. C., Granger, C. V., Braun, S. (1997). Scale 7. Outcome measures can be used to. The nature of occupational therapy practice in acute physical care settings. Occupational therapy discharge assessment of elderly patients from acute care hospitals. Prerequisite Requirements | Occupational Therapy Stroke Outcome Measures Overview Introduction Measuring the effectiveness of interventions is accepted as being central to good practice. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. For consideration, courses: Must be completed by June 15 and transcripts submitted on or before June 30 prior to matriculation. Characteristics of therapeutic alliance in musculoskeletal physiotherapy and occupational therapy practice: a scoping review of the literature. Introduction. Therapy Outcome Measures (TOMs) - Natspec Unsworth, C.A., & Duncombe, D. (2004). Comparison of sensitivity to change from admission to discharge at inpatient rehabilitation: Scores below 2.0 logit for motor scale indicate increased need for assistance to live in the community (correct classification rate = 64%; n= 788), Scores below 1.0 logit for motor scale indicate increased need for assistance to live in the community (correct classification rate = 94%; n= 789), Although ideal values are MnSq = 1.0 and z = 0, MnsQ < 1.4 and z < 2 are used because the values are based on criteria to develop the AMPS, DIF (Differential Item Functionality) has no difference between regions if (-0.55) < logit < (0.55). With 30+ sites in Illinois, we may be closer than you think! All rights reserved. Applying concepts of validity to your own practice. The Group intervention programme: Turnabout. Epub 2013 Jan 24. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 19-32. The impact of health and social care policy on assessment practice. Physical Therapy, 86(2): 195-204. doi: 10.1093/ptj/86.2.195, Dickerson, A., Reistetter, T. & Trujullo, L. (2010). Rehabilitation of anterior pituitary dysfunction combined with extrapontine myelinolysis: A case report. In this study, we retrospectively examined and analyzed datasets from occupational therapy students level two fieldwork experiences. al, 2002; n = 42; Age Range 5 7; Kindergarten students from five public schools), Children with No Known Disabilities: (Peny-Dahlstrand, Gosman-Hedstrom & Krumlinde-Sundholm, 2010), Developmental Delays (Kang et al., 2008; n = 33; Mean Age = 6.1 (1.9) years; Korean sample), Children With or Without Mild Disabilities: (Gantschnig, Page, Nilsson & Fisher, 2013; n = 10,998; Mean Age = 8.7 (3.2) years; Sample selected from the international AMPS database), Excellent significance between two groups in mean ADL process ability measures (p < .001, t = -4.296), Children with No Known Disabilities (Poulson, 1996; n = 162), Goodness of fit; 90% to AMPS-M, 95% to AMPS-P, Children With or Without Mild Disabilities: (Gantschnig, Page, Nilsson & Fisher, 2013), Big Change (Cohens d = 0.81 to 0.98) for 12-15 year olds in ADL motor ability, Big Change (Cohens d = 0.83 to 1.26) for 6-15 year olds in ADL process ability, Children with No Known Disabilities: (Peny-Dahlstrand, Gosman-Hedstrom & Krumlinde-Sundholm, 2012; n = 4613; Age Range 3-15 years; Subset of the AMPS Project International Database, North American (n = 2239) and Nordic (n = 2374) children ), Community Dwelling Adults (Merritt, 2011; n = 38,540, Randomly-selected subset of AMPS Project International database), Mixed Population: (Gantschnig, Page & Fisher, 2012; n = 145489; Mean Age = 54.06 (24.43) years; Sample from the international AMPS database), Mixed Population: (Fisher & Jones, 2012; n = 148158; Age Range = 3 - 103; Sample from international AMPS database), Community-Dwelling: (Goto, Fisher & Mayberry, 1996; n = 10; Mean Age = 28.9 (3.98) years; Mean time living in United States = 12.4 (8.8) months; Japanese sample living in the United States for less than 3 years), Community-Dwelling: (Fisher, Liu, Velozo & Pan, 1992; n = 20; Mean Age = 28.5 (3.32) years; Non-disabled Taiwanese sample living in United States for less than 3 years), Mixed Population: (Fisher & Jones, 2012), Community Dwelling Adults (Merritt, 2011), Mixed Population: (Gantschnig, Page & Fisher, 2012), Multiple Sclerosis: (Doble et al., 1994; n = 44Mean Age = 44.5 (12.3) years, Mean Duration of Self-Reported MS = 19.9 (12.4) years), Atchinson, B., Fisher, A. Doble, S.E., Fisk, J.D., & Rockwood, K. (1999). Careers. In January 2017, MSN Money listed occupational therapy as one of the 25 best jobs in America right now. Is COPM a Standardised assessment? and transmitted securely. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78(12), 1309-1315. doi: 10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90302-6, Pan, A. . The average length of stay was 6.607.43 days. Even when used, there is significant variability in the use, and scarce research is available on the optimal tool to be used by OTs at acute care settings. National Library of Medicine Keywords: ADL motor skills are observed when an object is moved or when one moves oneself. Chapter 8: Test administration, reporting and recording (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT and Rachael Hargreaves, BSc(Hons) SROT). Using transport 7. (2015). We will continue collecting the outcome tools data in future so we not only can see which tools are being used but also assess the appropriateness of the tools based on the measures. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 68(8), 354- 366. Only three settings documented both baseline and final outcome measurement data. Two settings completed only baseline evaluations and one recorded only the baseline goals. Methodology. Stroke Outcome Measures Overview - Physiopedia Measuring outcomes using the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs - OT):Data description and tool sensitivity. The use of outcome measures to demonstrate changes in patient's functional ability as well as evaluating service effectiveness is crucial for the profession to work in an evidence based practice manner. Chapter 10: The importance of clinical reasoning and reflective practice in effective assessment (Alison Laver Fawcett, PhD, DipCOT and Karen Innes, BSc OT, DMS, Cert Counselling). Rogers, A. T., Bai, G., Lavin, R. A., & Anderson, G. F. (2016). Matmari, L., Uyeno, J., & Heck, C. S. (2014). BMC Health Serv Res. The 16 ADL motor skill items are divided into 4 domains (Body Position, Obtaining and Holding Objects, Moving Self and Objects, Sustaining Performance). . Use of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) in an early supported discharge program for stroke patients in Singapore. (2014). Assessment as a core part of the therapy process. (2016). From the literature, OTs working at acute care settings recognized the potential benefits of using standardized outcome measures and expressed strong interest in using those tools (Blaga & Robertson, 2008; Crennan & MacRae, 2010; Jette, et al., 2003; Jette et al., 2014; Matmari et al., 2014; Robertson & Blaga, 2013; Smith-Gabai, 2016). descriptive, evaluative, predictive, discriminative) presented. Reflecting on the data collection methods you use in your practice. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Self-Care and Scale 5 (Transfers) with 7 OTs rating 6 or 3 cases (respectively) with a range of conditions including: spinal cord injury, amputation, schizophrenia, hip replacement, muscle disease, and cancer. Smith-Gabai, H. (2016). Results: 33 candidate items, amendable to administration acutely after SCI, were developed for against gravity (X=13), gravity minimized (X=2), and gravity eliminated (X . There is research suggesting this may be due to the outcome measurement tools being more time consuming than informal methods, or lack of familiarity of the OT with the standardized outcome measurement tools (Jette, et al., 2014; Robertson & Blaga, 2013; Smith-Gabai, 2016). The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 50(10): 798-806. doi: 10.5014/ajot.50.10.798, Hartman, M., Fisher, A., & Duran, L. (1999). However, acute care OTs are not using them but rather relying on skilled observation of functional performance. (1996). There is no one standardized tool currently available that is comprehensive enough for the acute care setting. The first aim of this review was achieved by completing a systematic search strategy. Across domains of skills/performance, volition, and habituation, the OSA measures self-perceptions of occupational competence and the degree to which the individual values each occupation. Reflective practice as a component of continuing professional development. The students chose at least one outcome measure used in the facility and documented the baseline and final performance after therapy on the outcome measure. Wades (1988) 4-level model for people with stroke. Despite the rare incorporation of standardized outcome measures in acute care settings, OT students and therapists were willing to further explore the benefits of the standardized tools. Summary of the results other team members assessments. Care-giver and parent burden scales). Aldrich, R. M. (2011). Purpose. A change of .5 to 1 point on any of the 4 domains of the AusTOMs-OT scale is considered clinically important. EBRSR Review by ICF The Power of Standardized Outcome Measures in Rehabilitation Therapy & FIsher, A.G. (1996). OTs role in acute care setting includes but is not limited to facilitating early mobilization, restoring function, preventing further decline, and coordinating care on transition and discharge planning. The SEM has been calculated for 2 scales, from the data from Fristedt (2013) with 15 therapists rating 6 cases for Scale 7 (Self-Care), and 3 cases for Scale 5 (Transfers). The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills Applied Cross Culturally to the Japanese. Self-Care-Participation/ Restriction: Scale 5. AMPS Manual, Volumes 1 and 2 (included in the course cost), Sticky notes or page markers to denote specific sections of manual, AMPS items and raw scores are never valid, must be computer generated, Client must be marginally motivated or willing to perform this simple ADL task, Client must be familiar with the selected ADL task, When using AMPS with pediatric populations, the typical and age-appropriate occupational performance must be considered, Clients with severe cognitive or language impairments are allowed to practice the ADL task to assure understanding. Self-Care with 7 OTs rating 15 client case studies with a range of conditions including: stroke, acquired brain injury, arthritis, spinal cord injury, amputation, schizophrenia, depression, dementia, Parkinsons Disease, burns and cerebral palsy. The application of client-centred occupational therapy for Korean children with developmental disabilities. 77- 81). Fristedt (2013) studied Scale 7. The application of standardised assessments. International Psychogeriatric Association, 11(4), 399-409. Pleasee-mail us! AusTOMs for Occupational Therapy. The requirement to demonstrate effectiveness. Initial review and summary completed by Amanda Timmer and Carolyn Unsworth. Unsworth, C.A., Bearup, A., & Rickard, K. (2009). "This is a useful textbook for occupational therapists and physiotherapists or those studying to become one." The smallest observable action of an occupation performed is called performance skills. OTs agree that they were unfamiliar with any standardized outcome measurement currently available that addressed the diversity of patients in acute care. This paper will present the review process, describe in more detail eight assessments that fulfilled many of the review criteria, discuss the limitations of these measures using the "Guidelines for the Client-centred Practice of Occupational Therapy as the framework, and make recommendations for the development of a new outcome measure for use .
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