roads, airports, railways etc, Encouragement of regional cooperation e.g. A complete overhaul is needed, including accountability for human rights abuses, if Nigerians are not to be left at the mercy of Boko Haram and other armed groups. Nonetheless, Ibrahim Babangida handed over to a civilian government which was headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan on the 26thof August, 1993. Local government must have specific powers to perform a range of functions assigned it by law. It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. As a way of forestalling any coup, he quickly established Supreme Military Council which was to manage affairs of the country. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. Nigeria's default on the issues of democracy and/or good governance and human rights, strained, without a shadow of a doubt, the relationship between the country's civil society, the international community and the Nigerian state under General Sani Abacha. Government - Military Rule in Nigeria - Passnownow "The Politics of Nigerian Foreign Policy: The Ratification and Renunciation of the Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement." ), municipal: 5 billion cubic meters (2017 est. (ret.) They have the following duties to perform: Now, lets talk about the arms of government in Nigeria. The coup plotters attacked Ibadan, Lagos and Kaduna within a period of 2 days. It has also faced its share of ethnic, religious, and class differences which gave some dents in its structure. Nigeria's Military Is Part of the Problem. Achievements of Military Rule In Nigeria: 12 Major Impacts government nearer to the people (most especially people in the rural areas) has prompted the Federal Government of Nigeria to introduce a number of significant reform measures to local government administration, particularly since 1976. The military history of Nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st October 1966. The following is a list of the military presidents that ruled Nigeria in the past: "Military Rule in Nigeria: History, Advantages & Disadvantages" by Abass, Nigerianfinder. The reforms were informed by the objective consideration of the Udoji Commission Report of 1974. The National Defence Council has been in existence since 1979 and advises the President on matters relating to the armed forces. Fundamental human rights should be respected by everybody in the country especially the politicians and military. The civil war greatly increased this military presence: because of the war, the armed forces were . The Council of States: This was an innovation introduced by Murtala Mohammed. note: data are in current year dollars, China 30%, Netherlands 11%, United States 6%, Belgium 5% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, wheat, laboratory glassware, packaged medicines (2019), $36.73 billion (31 December 2020 est. note: data are in current year dollars$100.82 billion (2019 est.) Nigeria needs to harness the potential of its burgeoning youth population in order to boost economic development, reduce widespread poverty, and channel large numbers of unemployed youth into productive activities and away from ongoing religious and ethnic violence. Government Structure In 1999, after decades of intermittent military control, Nigeria adopted constitutional reforms that reinstated a civilian government. ), general assessment: one of the larger telecom markets in Africa subject to sporadic access to electricity and vandalism of infrastructure; most Internet connections are via mobile networks; market competition with affordable access; LTE technologies available but GSM is dominant; mobile penetration high due to use of multiple SIM cards and phones; government committed to expanding broadband penetration; operators to deploy fiber optic cable in six geopolitical zones and Lagos; operators invested in base stations to deplete network congestion; submarine cable break in 2020 slowed speeds and interrupted connectivity; Nigeria concluded its first 5G spectrum auction in 2021 and granted licenses to two firms; construction of 5G infrastructure has not yet been completed (2022)domestic: fixed-line subscribership remains less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base over 99 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, NCSCS, MainOne, Glo-1 & 2, ACE, and Equianofiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and South and West Africa; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available; digital broadcasting migration process completed in three states in 2018 (2019), total: 74,210,251 (2020 est. )male: 6.9% (2020 est. )hydroelectricity: 21.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Generation of revenues for the country and its states. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. Nigerias sustained high population growth rate will continue for the foreseeable future because of population momentum and its high birth rate. That policy statement did not deter Nigeria under Generals Ibrahim Babangida in 1990 and Sani Abacha in 1997, from sending ECOMOG peacekeeping forces under the auspices of ECOWAS into Liberia and later Sierra Leone, when the civil wars broke out in those countries. The president appoints his ministers; and these ministers make up his cabinet. There was a coup attempt during the Abacha led administration in 1995 and this led to the arrest and imprisonment of the likes of General Obasanjo, Major General Shehu Musa Yaradua and some other prominent soldiers. Interesting History: List of all Nigerian presidents from 1960 till date, The state government level of the Nigerian government structure is divided into 36 states and 1 territory. Conflicttriggered by political competition and communal, ethnic, religious or resource allocation rivalriesposes a major threat to democracy. It can be prevented if elected officials are responsive to the yearnings of the people. Obasanjo has also been accused of misuse of his personal position for profit. Like the United States, Brazil, and India, Nigeria is structured as a federation, a structure it inherited from its British colonial rulers. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Be the first to know about new content and opportunities, Reasons for Military Intervention In Nigeria, The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, The Weakness or Failure of Military Regime in Nigeria, The Military is hierarchical and centralised, It monopolises the instruments of violence, There is fusion of the executive and legislative arms of the Government, Involvement of civilians in the administration, Discipline and obedience to higher commands, Disputes over 1962 and 1963 census results, Allegation of corruption, nepotism etc among politicians, Low level of honest and reliable leadership, The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC), Infrastructural developments e.g. This LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL comprises of the local government chairman, who is the C. E. O of the local government areas (a president at the local government level), and his Councillors, other elected members (like ministers too but at the local government level). Control and regulation of shops, restaurants, kiosks, and other venues for sales of food. PDF Reconnecting Self-Organising Institutions to the formal Government Most members of the SMC under Gowon were state governors. Nigeria's Democracy is too military in structure - Chief Bode George Prior to this coup, many of the high ranking officials in the military felt that the first coup had been carried out to favour the Igbo people. )other: 12.5% (2018 est. However, the Buhari Government was in power for just 20 months as Major General Ibrahim Babangida would later stage a coup on the 27thof August 1985 leading to the ouster of the Buhari-led Government. People Ive done 10yrs studying this, just did in 10mins, Oasdom.com 2015 - 2022 Blogten Limited, The Nigerian Government Structure Explained, The Top 10 Best Colleges In UK (QS Ranking), Top 51 Best University In Nigeria (Latest), The history of Abuja How it was created, List of all Nigerian presidents from 1960 till date, creation of the 36 state and capital in Nigeria, The History and Impacts of Military Rule in Nigeria, Updated list of 20 local governments in Lagos state and their wards, History of Military Rule in Nigeria Causes and Impacts, Nigerian taxation and tax system explained, Nigerian Government revenue allocation and sharing formula, The relationship between the three tiers of government in Nigeria. Register or login to make commenting easier. This coup was also masterminded by Muritala Muhammed and he thereafter assumed power. The State House of Assembly consists of representatives from all local government areas within that state. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fevernote 1: on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreaknote 2: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 9 December 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 266,283 cases of COVID-19 or 129.17 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,155 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.53 cumulative death per 100,000 population; as of 13 November 2022, 29.28% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine note 3: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 4.49 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. note: data are in current year dollars$72.178 billion (2020 est.) The executive arm of the Nigerian government structure is responsible for the implementation and maintenance of law, among other responsibilities. The top 5 citizens of Nigeria are: Ever wondered how governments raise and spend money? The military are not trained in the act of governance. Lack of respect for the rule of law; the military does not respect the rule of law because the military rule is conducted without a constitution. Each state has its local government areas into which it is divided into. The chairman is known as the senate president and he is the third in line of succession to the presidential seat. Interestingly, the Ernest Shonekan led administration had been set up as an interim government due to pressures on the Babangida led administration from both international and local quarters. The general elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. After this coup, the Military Government maintained its place over the next decade but this rule was not without some drama. ), forest revenues: 1.02% of GDP (2018 est. The Supreme Court is presided over by the Chief Justice of Nigeria and 13 associate justices. Nigeria's Military Is the Problem and the Solution - Foreign Policy Term: First Term (Week 2) Privacy Policy Related: Nigerian Government revenue allocation and sharing formula. ), women married by age 15: 15.7%women married by age 18: 43.4%men married by age 18: 3.2% (2018 est. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. )-$15.986 billion (2020 est. ), total: 3.7% (2020 est. The government created two political parties, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the National Republican Convention (NRC), and produced their agendas for them; freely formed parties were not registered, and many politicians were banned from politics. Learn more about the creation of the 36 state and capital in Nigeria. formal Government Structure for Real Governance Impact in Nigeria By Samson R. Akinola, PhD1 and Ayo Adesopo, PhD2 . ), lowest 10%: 1.8%highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est. [33][34][35] This doctrine of African military intervention by Nigeria is sometimes called Pax Nigeriana.[36]. Lets the do the maths, we have 36 states in Nigeria, these states have 3 senatorial districts each and a senator is elected from each senatorial district, making 36 x 3 = 108 senatorial districts = 108 senators. ), -$1.849 billion (2021 est. Nigeria is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. ECOWAS, Promotion of National Integration e.g.NYSC, Change of driving pattern from Left to Right, Was responsible for the Nigeria Civil war, There was absence of independence of the Judiciary, Mismanagement and wastage of public funds, Inability to conduct reliable and acceptable census, The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, LESSON NOTE ON JSS2 BASIC SCIENCE FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS2 BASIC SCIENCE LESSON NOTE, LESSON NOTE ON JSS2 MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS2 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTE, LESSON NOTE ON JSS1 MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS1 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTE. The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria The Head of State/President The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) The National Council States The Council of Ministers The Judiciary The Civil Service D. Achievements of the Military Rule in Nigeria Infrastructural developments e.g. )spirits: 0.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The Supreme Court is the highest court in Nigeria and its judgement or decision is final. It was adopted in its original form May 29 1999 in Abuja at the dawn of the Nigerian fourth republic. National Defence Council; 3. Unlike the Senate, the seats at the House of Representatives are not equally shared between the states. Might Interest You: History of Military Rule in Nigeria Causes and Impacts. Just as there is division of power in other tiers, so there is at this tier. The NCNC, now headed by Azikiwe (who had taken control after Macaulay's death in 1946), formed a coalition with Balewa's NPC after neither party won a majority in the 1959 elections. The current head of the Joint Task Force in Niger Delta is Rear Admiral Akinjide Akinrinade. Scholarships Also Read: The history of Abuja How it was created. )imports: 77,000 metric tons (2020 est. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. Its major formations include the 1st Division, 2nd Division, 3rd Armoured Division, 81st Division, 82nd Division and the newly formed 8th, 7th and 6th Divisions. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into modern-day Nigeria. Corruption has historically weakened the Nigerian military's capacity to face internal security threats, and is cited as being responsible for the continued longevity of rebels and terrorists operating throughout the nation. The president is head of both state and government, and leads the Federal Executive Council (cabinet). The judiciary branch comprises of the Supreme Court of Nigeria which presides over the Federal Courts (the court of appeal, the sharia court of appeal of FCT, the federal high court, the customary court of appeal and the high court of the FCT), State Courts (the high court, the sharia court of appeal, and the customary court of appeal), and Election Tribunals. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. Nigeria - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency Nigeria's Disputed Presidential Election Results, Explained | Time Yes, political freedom is one of the reasons political parties in Nigeria have been created to give individuals and groups a voice and opportunity to contest for public offices. Like, comment, and share, Wow, very detailed, very good work. Military government freed 47 political prisoners including Gen. Oladipo Diya. The governor is the Chief pilot of the state plane, and has the power to appoint the rest of his cabin crew, which are the commissioners and advisers (unlike the federal level where they are called ministers). Coincidentally, many Igbo Majors were promoted soon after the coup which furthered confirmed these speculations. The operational head of the AFN is the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is subordinate to the Nigerian Defence Minister. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Quick Interesting Post: The History and Impacts of Military Rule in Nigeria. ), electrification - total population: 62% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 91% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 30% (2019), installed generating capacity: 11.691 million kW (2020 est. A law should be made to depoliticize the military and be completely separated from politics. [16][17][18][19], The origin of the Nigerian Armed Forces lies in the elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force, that became Nigerian, when independence was granted in 1960. However, these plotters were eventually subdued. The 109th senator comes from the federal capital territory, as only one senator can be elected from there. It is also defined as the system of government in which governmental powers are shared between the central government, i.e. )transmission/distribution losses: 4.713 billion kWh (2019 est. ), total: 55.17 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 60.43 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 49.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. No matter how diligent a company headquarter is, it cannot reach all corners in the nation, so it creates divisions to oversee activities at various levels in a bid to attain efficient administration. Niger - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency Nigeria during the Abacha Years (1993-1998) - Chronology of Major The federal government is the top notch level of government in the Nigerian government structure. The senate president is assisted by the deputy senate president in the guidance and regulation of the proceedings in the senate. By 2021, the number of the Air Force personnel had increased to 18,000. Before January 1966, the various regions in Nigeria had different system of governments, at the grassroot level.
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