The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Pathan IB, Setty CM. Quintanilla-Pineda M, Achou CG, Daz J, Gutirrez-Falcon A, Bravo M, Herrera-Muoz JI, Pea-Navarro N, Alvarado C, Ibaez FC, Marzo F. Foods. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. We observe that this maximum radius is below In this sense, the largest deviations were obtained for the highest molecular weight (580-2000kDa with values from 0.8467 to 0.7346). (2008). CAS Ann Surg Oncol. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their A novel correlation for protein diffusion coefficients based on molecular weight on radius of gyration. The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. (1954). Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells Polysaccharide hydrogels for modified release formulations. The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. The unfolding of iRFP713 in a crowded milieu - PeerJ The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching for dextran. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter ( dh ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. This situation is mainly the result of using dextans, solvent, additives, etc. The skins were from the abdomen of a 39-year-old caucasian woman (BMI: 24). 2015 Mar 17;6:155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00155. (1999). Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, J Control Release. Nair SS. Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. H&E stained images were analyzed using Image J software. GPC Symp. Kim, D.; Robyt, J. F.; So-Young Lee; Jin-Ha Lee; Young-Min Kim. 1994, 95-0355. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. Molecular weight determination of polysaccharides. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Determination of constants, kM-H and a, from the intrinsic viscosity data, requires a series of monodisperse polymer samples with known molecular weight or a series of polydisperse polymer samples with known viscosity average molecular weights, Mv. ; Hogan, M.P. Springer Nature. Article In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Conversely, fluorescein sodium was the compound selected to model hydrophilic, low MW drugs. Disclaimer. The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. Stenekes, R.J.H. B 113, 8020-8025. 1984;17(6):11703. 2016;47:15964. ; van Nostrum, C.F. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. dextran hydrodynamic radius. In vivo iontophoretic delivery of salmon calcitonin across microporated skin. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. Food Sci Biotechnol. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. Thomas Gutberlet (Lipoteichoic Acid): Statistiques d'influence Rheology of dextran solutions. Hydrodynamic Radius WebFITC Products. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. Epub 2017 Jun 1. Antoniou, E.; Buitrago, C. F.; Tsianou, M.; Alexandridis, P. (2010). The receptor chamber was filled with PBS. dextran Epub 2012 May 28. Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). dextran The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. (2008). Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). (2012). osmotic pressure or light scattering). 2012;27(3):20212. These results are in agreement with a previous study which suggested that the microporation using radiofrequency causes disruption of the SC, enabling the percutaneous permeation of the FITC-dextran [21]. 2004;25(9):155967. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. Covis, Rudy; Ladaviere, Catherine; Desbrieres, Jacques; Marie, Emmanuelle; Durand, Alain. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Data File Dextran. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Dextran standards with sequence molecular weight from 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa were utilized for the plot of calibration curve. Learn More. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Analytical Chemistry. Terms and Conditions, The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. As well as being able to measure hydrodynamic radius in the Zetasizer (if you have access to one), it's also provided with a calculator that allows government site. It is a measure of the width of molecular weight distributions (MWD) as well as probability of molecular weight distribution curve (GPC). Kuge Takashi; Kimie Kobayashi; Shinichi Kitamura; Hiroshi Tanahashi. Bahary, W.S. The relation between Mw and the intrinsic viscosity is given by Mark-Houwink equation. Dextran Soc., 16, 3A, 426-433. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should The hydrodynamic radius of 2-NBDG glucose was too small to measure. This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2003). Masuelli, M. A. Masuelli, Martin Alberto. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol ; Rjumtsev, E.I. The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which 2008;28(5):64557. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Cookies policy. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Microporation applications for enhancing drug delivery. Epub 2012 Oct 18. (1998). The Mark-Houwink a constant is close to 0.5 in poor solvents. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. ; Ortega, A.; Garcia de la Torre, J.; Harding, S.E. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. where c is the solute concentration (g/cm3), [] is the intrinsic viscosity (cm3/g), and kH represents Huggins constants (cm3/g). Catiker, E.; Guner, A. US20230040324A1 AMINOACRIDINE AND AMINOPYRENE DYES Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted This low polydispersity realizes that the Mark-Houwink equation is forced at a given Mw regardless of the hyperbranched nature of the dextran molecule. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. 2012;87(6):1728. ; Talsma, H.; Hennink, W.E. (2013). The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. A few percent of R (13) glucosidic linkages provides side chains which appear to be short. Granath, K. A. The lower molecular weight of FITC-dextran permeated more on both human and pig skin. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). Using the polymer standards, a plot of the ln [] vs ln Mw usually gives a straight line. Ultimately they concluded that the temperature increment found to be an effective force in disturbing these interactions, mainly between polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent molecules for the used system. 2012 Sep 1;90(1):441-6. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.063. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). 10% neutral buffered formalin was purchased from Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. Carbohydrate Polymers 95 360-365. Kirkland, J. J.; Dilks, C. H.; Rementer, S. W. (1992). In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. WebDextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Saudi Pharm J. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. The intrinsic viscosity can be easily calculated by the Solomon-Ciuta single-point equation [44, 45]. eCollection 2015. These modifications include degradation of hemidesmosomes attached to the dermis, degradation of desmosomes linked to adjacent cells, contraction of intracellular tonofilament, and lamellipodia formation. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. dextran ; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. Dextran produced from Weissella cibaria JAG8 was purified and characterized. These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin. 2011;16(2):518. Theory, Estimation, Experiment, and Data. AATEX. Determination of branching in biopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering (Malls), viscosity, and refractive index detection. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 58(11), 953-957. statement and Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. Format), Citation-(EndNote
Polymers | Free Full-Text | Confinement-Induced Fractionation and The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. Coviello, T.; Matricardi, P.; Marianecci, C.; Alhaique, F. (2007). Experimental and numerical study on the mixed lubrication The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. Pore closure examination was performed using an optical microscope (BX43, Olympus, Japan) immediately (time 0), 4, 8, and 24h following device application. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. De Belder, A. N. (2001). Search 2013;43(4):287303. Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching 2015;32(5):170413. dextran hydrodynamic European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. The (a/b) value is 2.5 which confirms that dextran in aqueous solution is a biopolymer with a spherical conformation for an Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa, and with tendency to compaction with increasing temperature (RH decreases). Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. Fixable: Fixable via Lysine. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). ; Picout, D.R. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 42, 133-137. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. The molecular weight and Simha number do not change in this temperature range (Mw from 8.8-200kDa), P slightly change, showing modifications in the hydrodynamic properties of the biopolymer in aqueous solution as [] and RH. Stokes radius Cecopieri-Gmez, Martha L.; Palacios-Alquisira, Joaqun (2005). The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. MeSH terms Formul. J. Braz. Ind. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. Aqueous solutions of amphiphilic polysaccharides: Concentration and temperature effect on viscosity. Webdextran fraction and the final product depend on changes in the hydrodynamic volume of the molecules after substitution. Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. 7 8 Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. DOI: 10.12691/jpbpc-1-1-3, Received September 18, 2013; Revised October 23, 2013; Accepted November 22, 2013. The site is secure. Dilute Solution. It is worth noting that the size of macromolecules is much bigger than that of solvent (water) molecules [50]. Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. (1958). Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. In a good solvent, a temperature increase results in an intrinsic viscosity decrease and in a less-extended conformation (RH<), because the entropy value increases with an increase in temperature and it is unfavorable for an extended conformation. dextran International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 23, 135-141. dextran hydrodynamic radius The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. Careers. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. The biological activity of cationic liposomes in drug delivery and toxicity test in animal models. 2018;1:10915. Copyright 2006-2023 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved, Dextran, Tetramethylrhodamine, 2,000,000 MW, Lysine Fixable, Sulen und Kartuschen fr die Chromatographie, Kunststoffartikel und Zubehr fr das Labor, Spektroskopie, Element- und Isotopenanalyse, Alle Themen fr Hilfe und Support anzeigen, Status und Nachverfolgung von Bestellungen, Reagenzien und Kits fr die Neurowissenschaft, Discover how to track and trace cells by imaging , Hier finden Sie unsere brigen Tracking-Produkte fr Sugetier-Zellkulturen, Molecular Probes Dextran-Konjugate Tabelle14.4. Studies carried out at different ionic strength you can see them in the references [64, 65] and works with different solvents in the references [66, 67]. 2008;26(11):12618. The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. 8. Gel permeation chromatography of dextrans in parenteral solutions: Calibration procedure development and method validation. Biomater Res 24, 22 (2020). Jeanes, A.; Haynes, W.C.; C. Wilham, A.; Rankin, J.C; Melvin, E.H.; Austin, M. J.; Cluskey, J. E.; Fisher, B.E. The numerical value of a indicates that dextrans acquire the shape of a rigid sphere in aqueous solution; and kM-H demonstrates that under water the value decreases with temperature [71, 72]. These vibrations heat the skin tissue, triggering water vapor and cell ablation, forming microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis. what will you do to keep amazon safe answers; amarsi assisted living; peter clarke, emilia clarke; personality characteristics of kiran mazumdar shaw; karina mitchell age; mirela romanian orphan died; dsa presidential endorsement; dextran hydrodynamic radius. Carbohydr Polym. Molecular Weight Distributions of Water-Soluble Polymers by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Analyzing the values of the hydrodynamic properties of dextran in aqueous solution, it can be seen in Table 7, that all vary with the temperature. Universal size-independent quantities for the conformational characterization of rigid and flexible macromolecules. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. 2012;29(7):201729. Sci. Nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging: from simple to dual Pharmaceutical Quality Dextran 40 is available from Pharmacosmos as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as excipient for final formulation, drug product, for medical devices, for production of solutions for injection and infusion and much more. Pamis, R.; Hernndez Cifre, J. G.; Lpez Martnez, M.C. ; Weisz, J. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2012). Furthermore, the influence of temperature on the intrinsic viscosity is given by the chain flexibility parameter (dln[]/dT), which gives information about the conformation of the macromolecule chain in solution [62]. WebHydrodyamic Radius, R H: In addition to the analytic size of a linear (C=1) chain, the end to end distance, R eted or R 0, and the structural size, the radius or gyration, R g, dynamic measurements yield a size called the hydrodynamic radius, R H. Consider a rod particle of length L=10R where R is the radius. (2000). Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. J. Braz. Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. IV. Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739. Expert Rev Med Devices. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. Study of temperature influence. Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. Guner, A.; Kibarer, G. (2001). Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). Results and Discussion The microscopic dynamics of proteins are probed in a light scattering experiment.
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