I wasnt going to leave a comment until I read your bio, you seem like a nice guy who wants to know Gods word and not teach things about His word that arent true. Also, he has given 32 years total for Samuel and Saul and then gives 12 years for Samuel, so Saul must have a reign of 20 years to maintain consistency with the rest of the book. Paul assigns Saul a 40-year reign in his speech at Pisidian Antioch in Acts 13:21. 12. In the generally accepted, orthodox chronology, the area of Canaan is ruled by Egypt throughout the Judges period, specifically the 18th through 21st dynasties of the Egyptian New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. (Deborah came alongside Barak and 10,000 men of Israel.) The Midianites were, according to modern scholarship, a loose confederation of tribes that lived southeast of Israel on the eastern side of the Gulf of Aqaba. Regardless of the timeline used, after the conquest by Thutmose I the other major political powers in the Near East (the Hittites, Mittani, Assyrians and Babylonians) do not make incursions into the area of Israel until much later. At last its time to start building our timeline. [6] This is the sum of the years from the entry into Canaan using the numbers from Josephus and the 23 years given in Judges for Tola, [7] The last mention of the Philistines in the historical books is II Kings 18:8, in the reign of Hezekiah; however, they would continue to be a presence in the land until they were finally wiped out by Nebuchadnezzar II. This 300-year mark is a mere 97 years before the death of Saul. 43 years total conquest to first judge, including 8 year oppression, Oppression by Cushan-Rishathaim, King of Mesopotamia, Ant 5.197. About Us; Contact Us; Submit an Article; The Siruv List; Advertise on The Jewish Press; Subscribe: Daily Email List; Classifieds; e-Edition; Print . The only way to make this fit is for Samsons death to coincide (or nearly so) with the end of that 40-year period of oppression. Sisera himself fled on foot. Judges 2:7-10 tells us: 7So the people served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua 10When all that generation had been gathered to their fathers, another generation arose after them who did not know the LORD nor the work which He had done for Israel. Consequently, Ussher has Jephthah following immediately after Jair and the continuation of his chronology is shown in grey. The Midianites were descended from Abraham through his second wife, Keturah, and recall that Jethro, Moses father-in-law, was a priest of Midian. (Unknown)(Judg 3:31)(Judg 5:6) Scripture records a series of four judges prior to Samson. In my article on Saul I found, based on the details of the narrative in I Samuel, that the minimum length of Sauls reign is about 12 years. B-1025, Dev Atelier, Opp. There were 15 Judges or leaders during the period of the Judges, which lasted more than three centuries. * Abimelech Jerub-Baal in Hebrew means: let baal contend. Sisera realized he had to capture the mountain to subdue the Jewish people. VAN SELMS Pretoria In the collection of stories about popular heroes of Israel, which were taken over from oral tradition into the Biblical book of Judges, Shamgar occupies the third place. how many years did shamgar judge israel - ferramedia.com The book of Judges records seven periods of rebellion and abandonment against Gods rule. The main enemy was Midian, east of the Jordan. 31). Shamgar, son of Anath, was the third Judge of Israel. Get Your Bible Minute in Your Inbox Every Morning. This new solution has yet to be incorporated in the overall timeline. 9. Of particular relevance here are those conducted at Hazor which confirm that it was ruled by an, In 2019 a pottery sherd was recovered from the Khirbet al-RaI dig site in central Israel that included the name Yrbl (Jerubbaal), the alternative name for Gideon. Judges 3:31, Joshua Gods warrior and the fall of Jericho, The two scouts or spies were Joshuas eyes, Barak the commander of the army, under Deborah the fourth Judge of Israel, Gideon, the fifth Judge of Israel, with Gods help gets 300 men, Ruth, the great-grandmother of King David, Eli the high priest and 9th Judge of Israel, Jephthah the Gileadite the 10th Judge of Israel, The only daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite, the 10th Judge of Israel, Delilah New Ropes, Samson the 14th Judge of Israel, Delilah seeks, Samson the 14th Judge of Israel, Samson sleeps, Samson the 14th Judge of Israel, Death of Samson, the 14th Judge of Israel, Samuel the fifteenth Judge of Israel anoints two kings, Samuel the 15th Judge of Israel and also a Prophet, Background Information Joshua and Judges of Israel, Next Module Three Kings Saul, David & Solomon . Shamgar rose to prominence as 600 Philistines invaded his plowing field. 15. Enduring Word Bible Commentary Judges Chapter 3 Ruled or Judged Israel for 40 years - 1191BC-1151BC - Judges 6:1-8:35. He slaughtered 600 invading Philistines with an oxgoad, a formidable weapon about 3 meters long with a sharp metal point. Furthermore, in another instance that Shamgar was mentioned in the Bible, this associated the man with the collapse and difficulty in the life of the Israelites. In fact, Jephthahs victory over Ammon coincides with Thutmose IIIs final campaign. This tells us that in Jephthahs time, Israel had occupied the area east of the Jordan river for 300 years. They destroyed Siseras army, powerful new metal chariots and all. This judge of Israel is the least spoken of or recorded judge. The author of Judges tells us that Shamgar is one of those saviors, he writes that he also saved Israel. This cycle is particularly evident in the Early Period. It is also the name mentioned twice in the Book of Judges. Eli As he is mentioned before the start of the oppression under Jabin and then by Deborah at the end of that oppression, I believe that he reigned in parallel with that oppression and overlapped into Deborahs reign. Have you ever felt overlooked? All together, Josephus gives us a total of 60 additional years: 28 between the conquest of Canaan and the first judge, and 32 for Samuel and Saul. In solving a problem like the chronology of the Judges period, it is best to start with what we can be certain about: the firm dates and time periods that we can rely on. For those that want to take the 40 and 80-year periods between judges as exact, we need to trim 22 years from somewhere. Its easy to overlook someone who is listed just twice in Scripture, but God names each person for a reason. Thus, I will use 32 years as the correct number for this period. The New Chronology is perhaps best known from the film Patterns of Evidence: Exodus where its alignment between archaeology and history was highlighted. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers.. Visit Stack Exchange The Bible Journey | Israel under the 'judges': Othniel and Ehud Here it seems we are being given the names of all of the judges in a sequence much like the lists of kings in Kings and Chronicles. Either of these options could be correct. (23 years)(Judg 10:1-2) Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church . However, in this period Egypt is again weak as we are now into the Third Intermediate Period, a time where the national government has collapsed, and multiple Pharaohs are ruling in different parts of the country. Phone Toll Free: 877-966-7300 or 816-584-3077, [This article continues after a message from the authors], These Articles are Written by the Publishers of, Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 2023. No one could stand against Sisera, including the Jewish people. ), Elon (1075-1065 B.C. While the specifics of the period of the judges are fuzzy, scripture does provide clear and easily datable boundaries for this period. She was also famous for conducting her meetings with great modesty in the open under a palm tree. The complete Judges timeline is shown below in Figure 8 against the orthodox, or standard chronology for Egypt. However, the reader should understand that the best we can be expected to do with the available information is to get to an approximate solution, particularly for the early part of the book. This is just not enough time in my opinion as there would still be a majority of people alive who had witnessed the miracles of the conquest. Things are good all the days of the judge, but once he or she is gone, the people quickly revert to following other gods and the cycle repeats. (80 years)(Judg 3:15-30) Although Scripture only devotes a single verse to this Bible battle, we can learn a surprising sum from it. The mention of the Shasu of YHWH in the temple of Amenhotep III does however align with a time that Israel is already in the land, as do the mention of the Habiru in the Amarna letters. Based on where we have placed Jephthah, the campaigns of Thutmose III align exactly with the 18-year oppression by the Philistines and Ammon that is recorded in Judges 10. Deborah Ann Barry Montgomery - Worldnews.com Note: This article received a significant update on October 24, 2021 with a completely new solution for the Judges timeline. Have you ever thought, no one will remember me? Rohl and others have subsequently proposed an alternative chronology going all the way back to the time of the flood. At the same time, he had other characteristics that are hard to reconcile. The other mention of Shamgar, that in the Song of Deborah, connects Shamgar with a low period of Israelite society. Beginning with Othniel and continuing through Gideon to Abimilech, there are three 40-year intervening periods and one of 80 years for a total of 200 years. But 300 is a round number, and as such may not be precise. 11), which took place about 180 years before the battle recorded in Judges 4. However, wherever the Philistines put it, it caused problems. How did Shamgar kill 600 Philistines? - ElegantQuestion.com Judges 10:3-5 Judges 10:6-12:7 Hebrews 11:32 Judges 12:11-12 Joshua 19:15 Judges 12:8-10 Judges 12:13-15 Judges 13:1-16:31 Hebrews 11:32 Judge Description Reference The 12 Judges of Israel 1 SAMUEL Studying the history and culture of the time PAGE 2 TERESASWANSTROMANDERSON.COM G Wisdom BIBLE STUDIES Indicates individuals listed in Shamgar is essentially a footnote at the end of Judges Chapter 3: 31After him [Ehud] was Shamgar the son of Anath, who killed six hundred men of the Philistines with an ox goad; and he also delivered Israel. gayle telfer stevens husband Order Supplement. What is not immediately clear is where to place Samson relative to Samuel and Eli. Deborah mobilized an army led by Barak, who like her was from the tribe of Naftali. As he grew up, the spirit of God beat within him (Judges 13:25). From the 480 years, we must subtract the year it took the children of Israel to reach Mount Sinai, the 40 years they wandered in the wilderness, and the approximately 10 to 25 years they took to conquer the land of Canaan. Amenhotep II follows up on his fathers efforts with campaigns in his years 2, 7, and 9. I see two possible sources for this number. When we get into the detailed chronology of this period we will look at potential ways to handle this. For those not familiar with it, the New Chronology was proposed as a solution to the many dark ages in ancient history and specifically to internal inconsistencies in the chronology of the Third Intermediate Period. What is interesting is that the length of the various oppressions is precise: 8, 18, 20, and 7 years. It is this second campaign in his 7th year that aligns with the beginning of the next, 40-year oppression by the Philistines. . And so, before I dive into the timeline, I think it would be worthwhile to review each of these briefly. It touched my heart. Why should I do such and such? On this timeline the Exodus occurs in the reign of Amenhotep II, somewhere after his Year 9, his last recorded campaign in Canaan. "Now it came to pass when Samuel was old that he made his sons judges over You can find the original, 2018 version here. 5. [5] Some manuscripts of Josephus have a 40-year reign for Saul in Ant 6.378. Shamgar was a minor judge in Israel and little is known about him. For the next 40 years the Jewish people knew real peace. 12. They moved the Ark to a different city and a horrible plague broke out there. I believe that this is likely where the encounter between Eglon and Ehud took place. He ruled for an unknown number of years. Gideon subdued the Midianites with a small band of 300 men. They moved it from one city to another and wherever it went the inhabitants suffered terrible plagues and died. At this point, we have a choice. 2.Use what you have ), Deborah (1237-1198 B.C. As it turns out, it gives us almost exactly the 22 years that we are looking for. Only four of the 12 judges are listed in what we call the hall of faith in Hebrews 11Gideon, Barak, Samson, and Jephthah. Abdon c. Deborah tells Barak to assemble his army for a battle that will take place at Mt. In today's society, a judge is the person who judges or who renders a verdict in a court of law. The Judges - The Biblical Timeline Judges 17 and 18 are concerned with events leading up to the conquest of the city of Laish by the tribe of Dan. In the scriptures, this man was presented as one of the previous rulers of the land. Most English translations based on the Masoretic Text title him King of Mesopotamia. While most of the Canaanites had been overthrown, there yet remained enough to threaten the welfare of Israel. Nations, cultures, arts, civilizationsthese are mortal, and their life is to ours as the life of a gnat. Specifically placing the events of her time, In the days of Shamgar, son of Anath (Judges 5:6). (7 years)(Judg 12:8-10) A stone slab found at Thebes records a military campaign by Merneptah, perhaps also taking credit for some of the actions of his father, Rameses II. The Septuagint however titles him king of Syria-of-Rivers, and Josephus calls him the king of Assyria. Many Christians have a misconception of what the judges of Israel did for their community. The best we can tell from the fragment is that the length of Sauls reign likely ended in a 2, but thats it. In addition to writing for the Salem Web Network, Lisa serves as a Word Weavers mentor and is part of a critique group. However, there is a problem: the total of the years given in Judges is both too large and too small when considered against the whole of scripture. Israel began to worship the idols of the pagan nations that it didn't drive It opens on a very high note. Notice Shamgar used what was at hand, an oxgoad, as he had no sword, and with God he got the victory over the enemy of God and his people, the Philistines. The book of Judges ends with two stories (and the book of Ruth might be considered a third) that take place in this period; but, on the surface, we are not given any specifics that allow us to tie these events to the time of a specific judge. These minor judges were: Shamgar 3:31, Tola 10:1-2, Jair 10:3-5, Ibzan 12:8-10, Elon 12:11-12, and. Lisa and her husband, Stephen, a pastor, live in a small Ohio village with their crazy cat, Lewis. Hence, there were speculations by scholars that Shamgar was a foreigner who handled the low period of the Israelites instead of being a great ruler. 6. Why did Israel ask for a king after those 450 years? ), Jephthah (1087-1081 B.C. None of the cities would take it. The next oppression begins with Thutmose IIIs first campaign into Canaan. Thus, I believe that the period recorded in Judges ends shortly before the capture of the ark and that event signifies the start of the I Samuel account, with I Samuel 1-3 being back story that occurred during the Judges period. During his reign, the eastern border quieted down but the western one heated up. He was also the same man who successfully struck down and defeated 600 Philistines using an ox goad as a weapon. The first oppression of eight years is under Cushan-Rishathaim. 1400 1350 B.C.). There have been many both ancient and modern attempts to solve the puzzle of the Judges chronology. JAIR the Gileadite in Hebrew means: JAH(GOD) enlightens 22 years 1126BC-1105BC Judges 10:3-5 Manasseh. Son of Joash which in Hebrew means: great warrior Gideon was from the tribe of Manasseh. An inscription found in the Berlin Museum, believed to be from a statue pedestal, contains a name ring that reads Israel. For the first time the Jewish people were independent in their own homeland and, even more significantly, for the first time they did not have a single, strong leader. Shamgar | Encyclopedia.com Shamgar also was an instrument in the fulfillment of Scripture (Leviticus 26:22, Isaiah 33:8). how many years did shamgar judge israel. Shamgar served as the third judge over Israel, after Othniel and Ehud. However, such leaders come about perhaps not even once in a thousand years. The relevant chronological information is as follows. In Joshua 3, the "man of the hour" was a farmer named, Shamgar. Two tribes were dependent upon the Lord and concerned about acquiring the territory that belonged to them in the purpose of God, a very noble ideal. However, he had raised a student-protg who first came to him as a child. For Shamgar, God kept him from death as he slew the 600 Philistines. Here are the options: I am going to dismiss Option 1 at this point as we still have 354 years[6] to fit in the 315 years between the entry into Canaan and Jephthah so we are still looking for some compression. Who was Shamgar? Table 1 below shows the full set of references from both the Old Testament books of Joshua, Judges, and I Samuel as well as the corresponding information given by Josephus. However, these Judges described in Judges exercised their authority over one or other tribe but, never the entire nation. Samuel possibly wrote the books of Judges, Ruth,and large portions of First Samuel. 10. Option 2 gives us the timeline shown in Figure 4, and we can now move on to the early period. It also places the 40-year oppression and Samson in parallel with Eli. The dating of this inscription is disputed, but it may date as early as Thutmose III or as late as Rameses II. 1 And the sons of Israel again did what was evil in the eyes of Yahweh after Ehud died. Yanoam [unknown] is made non-existent. Othniels father Kenaz, younger brother of Caleb. He was a Nazarite, and from the time he was born, he . Even though the oppression would in fact continue for another twenty years under Samuel. Old Testament Table of Contents Home Philosophy & Religion Scriptures Old Testament biblical literature Our first, or left-hand bookmark rests on the crossing of the Jordan river by Joshua and the armies of Israel to begin the conquest of Canaan. We have 22 extra years and so a reduction of 11% (22/200) gets us what we need. [7] Scholars also believe that the name of the individual may originally have been Shammah, and became corrupted under the influence of the Shamgar in the Song of Deborah. Judges of Ancient Israel Map - Old Testament Biblical Judges Nevertheless, in the end Samson took revenge upon his enemies. Verses 6-7 testify to the events as they transpired while Shamgar served as judge, In the days of Shamgar, son of Anath, in the days of Jael, the highways were abandoned, and travelers kept to the byways. This series of events is harder to date as it does not have a parallel in Joshua. Will You Be a Shamgar? - Preaching Magazine Figure 8: The Judges in the Orthodox Chronology. Gideon: Against All Odds | Dr. Claude Mariottini - Professor of Old In chapters 1 through 21 are about a 300 to 350 year historical period that includes a repetitive cycle that Israel goes through as a result of their disobedience to the Word of God. The Judges of Israel - Bible History ), and Samson (1069-1049 B.C. The Days Of The Judges (1): Othniel - Frank Wallace - Biblecentre ALL Shopping Rod. On the downside, he leaves out one judge (Tola) entirely and fails to provide a number for another (Abdon). Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible Pretoria - JSTOR Home Before we can begin to figure out how to compress everything into the available time, we first need to get a complete picture of what it is that we have to compress. Your email address will not be published. Samuel was a judge and prophet of God who led Israel for over forty years. According to the biblical narrative these judges led Israel from the end of the conquest of Canaan until the beginning of the monarchy. List of the Judges. We can choose to interpret the 300-year figure as a precise number and thereby date the beginning of Jephthahs six-year judgeship to 1107 BC. And He raised up twelve judges to bring salvation to the people (Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah, Gideon, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, and Samson). Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel This sherd has been dated to 1100-1050 BC, or about a century after where we would place Gideon, and while it may not be linked to THE Jerubbaal, it does attest to the name. He then breaks this down as a sole reign of 12 years for Samuel followed by a 20-year reign for Saul[5], with Samuel overlapping the first 18 years of Sauls reign (and so a total of 30 years for Samuels judgeship). He was the 2nd Left handed son of Gera the Benjamite 1316BC-1237BC. [2] This 450 years matches the number that Paul gives in his speech at Pisidian Antioch in Acts 13:20. (40 years)(1 Sam 1:1-4:18) (NKJV). "And he also delivered Israel." Shamgar slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad: and he also delivered Israel. Both options are identical from Moses through to the beginning of Othniels judgeship. Seeking the Gospel in Malachi, the Last Book of the Old Testament. Excavations at Jericho indicate that it was destroyed in a manner consistent with the biblical text. Remember I told you that the book of Judges is more about salvation than about administration or retribution. He smote 600 Philistines with an ox-goad and saved Israel (Judges iii. Shamgar It was only in order that the generations of the people of Israel might know war, to teach war to those who had not known it before (italics added for emphasis). The key question for the Late Period is, what judges or events, if any, should be placed in parallel? The general chaos in the reign of Ramesses III with the invasion of the Sea Peoples would likely permit the raids by the Midianites prior to Gideon. How many judges were there in Israel, and how long did each rule? Shamgar killed 600 Philistines with an ox goad. He was a tyrant who was assassinated (, Very little is known about him in the written (. The stories of Micahs idol and the Levites concubine and subsequent war with Benjamin dont impact the overall chronology, but we will try to place them once we have a chronological framework in place. He follows Othniel and Ehud, and precedes Deborah and Barak. Adding back the 40-year period between the Exodus and the entry into Canaan (Deuteronomy 1:3, Joshua 4:19) gives us a starting date of 1406 BC and the bookend on the left. how many years did shamgar judge israel. After Siseras death, the Jewish army drove Yavin out of his fortified city, ending the threat completely. He delivered Israel from the Philistines by killing six hundred men with an ox goad. His family is listed among the clans of Judah. Judges Of Israel Judge Samson. Ant 5.84-85 18 years from death of Joshua to first judge. The name Syria-of-Rivers given in the Septuagint is perhaps the most revealing and places this kingdom between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what today is eastern Syria and western Iraq. That number may have been given in I Samuel 13:1, but the text there is fragmentary. Youre never a mere mortal. The Song of Deborah describes the times in which Shamgar lived as so dangerous that the highways were unused, travelers preferring to walk through the safer byways (Judg. "But because of the course you are taking, the honor will not be yours, for the LORD will deliver Sisera into the hands of a woman.". There were great leaders as well as tyrannical leaders like Avimelech (see chart below). They put the idol back up and the next day it fell on its face again, this time with its hands severed (I Samuel 5:3-4). Judges 21:25 sums up the state of the nation of Israel at the time of the deliverers (judges) sent by God, "In those days there was no king in Israel. (22 years)(Judg 10:3-5) Option 1 is also inconsistent with the overlap between judges and oppressions that I believe applies to the late period. For the current-day Israeli judge, see, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shamgar, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamgar&oldid=1132345328, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia without a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Unclear; possibly Israelite, Canaanite, or both, at the first mention, Shamgar is identified as a man who repelled, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 12:45. Figure 7: Ussher / Nolen Jones chronology for the period of the Judges. Welcome back to THE JUDGES series folks. This time the Philistines were their oppressors. A series of defeats at the hands of other nations caused them to repeatedly cry out to the Lord for a deliverer. Add 40 years for the time in the wilderness, 40 years for David, and 4 for Solomon and the total is 534 - 54 years greater than the total given in I Kings. This location, "between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim," places . So far, we have a total of 410 years from Judges, and 40 years for Eli, for a total of 450 years[2]. In its place had come national insecurity and distress. Thus, we are not given the name of a single Midianite king responsible for this next seven-year oppression. Here we have Abimilech (3 years), Tola (23 years), and Jair (22 years). This period started with the leadership of Moses and finished with Samuel officiating over the crowning of Saul. how many years did shamgar judge israel Why Should We Know about the Overlooked Judge Shamgar. Shasu can loosely be translated as nomads, particularly cattle herders of the area of Palestine. at Ramah, and said to him, Look, you are old, and your sons do not walk in If we place the sequence of Jephthah through Abdon end to end and immediately prior to Samson, we get the picture in Figure 3. Barak sent crack soldiers in hot pursuit, fearing as long as Sisera lived he would rally another army around him. One of the 70 children of Gideon (the son of a concubine). However, this number should be understood as the sum of the years given in scripture and not the actual elapsed time. A metal tip encased one end to nudge or direct oxen. Son of Anath Judges 3:31. However, given the apparently more complete records for the Late Period, I believe it will be more valuable to start at the end the death of Saul and work backward to Abimilech. Also of note, and key to constructing a proper chronology, is that in the Late Period the time allotted to each judge changes from being a spacer between oppressions and likely overlaps those oppressions. Shamgars name means named a stranger, he is here a stranger. 8 Adar 5783 - About. Instead of one Jewish people there were twelve tribes who had a loose allegiance to each other. Eight years: It was many years of bondage before Israel cried out unto the LORD. As chosen ones of God, He sometimes gives us abilities beyond our natural talents in service to Him (Exodus 31: 3-5). But it's safe to assume that Shamgar actually killed the Philistines under the influence of the Spirit because it was the way God used the others, ( Judges 15:14; Judges 3:10 ). The Life of Ruth - 5 Essential Faith Lessons, The Greatest Villain - King Nebuchadnezzar. Shamgar did what he can at that critical time; The Amarna Letters, particularly letter EA286. Both were so wicked, they were Judges in Beersheba, and Samuel was so old that Israel who wanted to be like the other nations asked for and got a king. Who Was Gideon in the Bible? His Story and Significance - Christianity.com The name Shamgar is of Hebrew origin, which means sword. years through fifteen judges, who varied in their faithfulness to God. In the New Chronology of David Rohl, Canaan is outside the Egyptian sphere of influence until roughly the time of Gideon when it is conquered by Thutmose I, and Akenaten aligns with Saul and David. First, no duration is given for the time from the beginning of the conquest of Canaan by Joshua until the first oppression recorded in Judges.
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